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Congenital anomalies are hand or finger deformities that are present at birth. Any type of deformity in a newborn can become a challenge for the child as he or she grows. Hand deformities can be particularly disabling as the child learns to interact with the environment through the use of his or her hands. The degree of deformity varies from a minor deformity, such as unequal or uneven fingers or thumb deformity, to a severe deformity, such as total absence of a bone.

Early consultation with a hand surgeon is an important part of the treatment process for the child born with a hand deformity. Even if reconstructive surgery is not possible, there are many different types of prosthetic devices that can be used to increase function.

Problems in formation of the parts

Radial clubhand

Ulnar clubhand

Duplications of fingers

Duplication of fingers is also known as polydactyly. The little finger is the finger that is most often affected.

Undergrowth of fingers

• The finger is small
• Muscles are missing
• Bones are underdeveloped or missing
• There is complete absence of a finger

Overgrowth of fingers

Overgrowth of fingers is also known as macrodactyly, which causes an abnormally large finger. In this situation, the hand and the forearm may also be involved. In this rare condition, all parts of the finger (or thumb) are affected; however, in most cases, only one finger is involved (usually the index finger). Surgical treatment of this condition is complex and the outcomes may be less than desirable. Sometimes, amputation of the enlarged finger is recommended.

Other generalized problems with the skeletal system

These are a rare and complex group of problems.

Treatment for congenital hand deformities

Specific treatment for congenital hand deformities will be determined by your child's doctor based on:

• Your child's age, overall health, and medical history
• Extent of the condition
• Cause of the condition
• Your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
• Expectations for the course of the condition
• Your opinion or preference

Treatment may include:

• Limb manipulation and stretching
• Splinting of the affected limbs
• Tendon transfers
• External appliances (to help realign misshapen fingers or hands)
• Physical therapy (to help increase the strength and function of the hand)
• Correction of contractures Skin grafts.
• These involve replacing or attaching skin to a part of the hand that is missing skin or has been removed during a procedure.
• Prosthetics. These may be used when surgery is not an option, or in addition to surgical correction.